The CSS reference guide includes CSS syntax, the most important selectors, properties, sizes and units, and other useful CSS information in a short and informative format. We hope you will find the CSS cheat sheet a valuable resource.
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This Page's Contents
HTML Box Model Introduction
Box Model Diagram
Box Model Details
Box Model Diagram
Box Model Details
HTML Box Model Introduction
Although every body calls this the Box Model it is actually a rectangle having a width & height but no depth.
All the HTML elements can be regarded as a 2 dimensional box.
The Box Model diagram shows the areas that CSS styles are applied too.
The boxes content, text and or graphic images are in the centre of the box, which can be surrounded by padding, border and margin as shown in the Box Model Diagram
Box Model Diagram
Box Model Details
Your content
This is where your content is placed which could be:
- Text
- Image(s)
- Table(s)
- Div(s)
- Most other elements
- A combination of some or all the above
Padding
- Places a space around 'Your Content'
- Text normally requires padding if you have a border to prevent the text butting up against the border making the text harder to read.
- Graphics padding is optional depends on the desired style required
- The padding acquires the background color of the the content area
- Padding can be applied to all sides or separately applied to selected side(s) top, right, bottom and/or left
- Set padding to 0 (Zero) for no padding.
Example Set the padding to 5 pixels on all 4 sides
Set the padding to different sizes on all 4 sides
Shorthand version of above
Note the spaces & no punctuation between the size units
Set Top & bottom to 10 pixels, &, right & left to 20 pixels
Set Top to 10 pixels, right & left to 20 pixels, bottom to 30 pixels Anydesk quicksupport.
Border
- The border surround the padding and content.
- There are various styles for Borders
- The border can be applied to all sides or separately applied to selected side(s) top, right, bottom and/or left
- Set width to 0 (Zero) for no Border
Margin
If required:
- The Margin applies a space outside of the Border, it is outside the actual element.
- The margin does not have a background color, it is completely transparent and shows the background colour of the underling element, such as the body element
- The border can be applied to all sides or separately applied to selected side(s)- top, right, bottom and/or left
- Set to 0 for no Margin
- Positive or Negative margins can be applied
- A Negative top or left margin applied to a static element moves the element in that direction
- A Negative bottom or right margin applied to a static element moves the following element towards the original element
- A static element is an element with no float applied
- A Negative margin can create Overlap of Elements with dramatic effect
- Negative margins are valid but some designers think they should not be used other think they are great.
The margin does not have a background color, it is completely transparent and shows the background colour of the underling element, such as the body element
Widths Heights
The CSS width & height attributes are applied to 'Your Contents' ONLY
The overall width is the combined width of:
Your Contents width +
2 padding widths +
2 borders widths +
2 margin widths
The overall height is the combined width of:
Your Contents height +
2 padding heights +
2 borders heighst +
2 margin heights
This is rather ackward Always declare a DOCTYPE for this to be true in IE.
Box Model Code Example
View this code in a browser Leave the view window open and follow the explanation below
Examples of the box model
The above code displays 3 example of how styling the padding, borders & margins affect the appearance of the box model.
- The 3 examples have the same content except for the number
- 4 Horizontal lines have been placed in the Example to help demonstrate the effect of the margins.
Example 1
There is no styling for the padding, borders & margins which are set to 0 (zero)
Example 2
Padding set to 10
Borders set to a width of 5 pixels, solid style and coloured black
Margins are set to 40 pixels
Example 3
Padding
Padding - different amounts of padding were set to each side.
These could be set as follows:
padding-top: 0;
padding-right: 4px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
padding-left: 100px;
padding-right: 4px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
padding-left: 100px;
I used a shorthand code version:
padding:0px 4px 40px 100px;
padding:0px 4px 40px 100px;
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Sides are set in a clockwise direction starting at the top:
ie. 0 top padding
ie. 0 top padding
Margin
The margins were set with shorthand code in the orders of top, right, bottom & left margins:
margin: -28px 0 -10px 100px;
- The margin is the space outside the border or where the border would be if there is no border.
- Note 2 negative numbers have been entered.
- The margin-top: -28px has moved the My Content Example 3 box upwards so that it overlaps the Horizontal line that precedes it.
- The margin-top: -10px has allowed the Horizontal line that follow the My Content Example 3 box to touch the bottom of the box. A larger negative such as -20 would have allowed the line to move higher & overlap the My Content Example 3 box.
CSS Box Sizing Property
TL;DR – Browsers see an HTML element as a rectangular box known as the CSS box model. It includes four components: borders, padding, margins, and content.
Contents
What the box model is
Every HTML element is a box. The CSS box model helps beginners to understand the layout and web page design better.
The box model consists of several components, such as padding and margins. CSS sets the position, size, and other properties to these boxes.
Properties of the box model CSS
In the example below, you see all the properties that make up the CSS box model:
Border box CSS
The border box CSS is between the margin and padding components of the box model. The
border
shorthand lets you set the width, style, and color properties in on declaration. The following code example produces borders that are
3px
in thickness, dotted
, and blue
:Note: if developers do not define the border box CSS, it is set to 0, and the border is invisible.
Padding box model
Padding box model in CSS refers to the space between the border and the element content. The
padding
shorthand defines all four sides of an element in one declaration. This example shows how to define all four sides of an element with one value:
Note: you can also use longhand properties such as padding-top, padding-right, padding-bottom, and padding-left to define separate sides individually.
Margin box
The final component in the CSS and HTML box model is the margin. The margin is outside an element, and it surrounds other boxes with space.
The
margin
shorthand defines the space for all four sides of an element in one declaration. Look at this example:Helium compound. Note: the margin collapsing happens when margins of separate elements touch each other. It ends with the creation of one margin.
Content box
The content box defines the area for text, links, images, or other element content. The
width
and height
properties define the width and height of the content box. Remember: you can define the width and height of content boxes with other properties. max-width, min-width, max-height, and min-height set constraints and not a fixed size.
You can calculate the total element width like this:
right margin + left margin + right border + left border + right padding + left padding + width.
right margin + left margin + right border + left border + right padding + left padding + width.
To calculate the total element height, follow this rule:
bottom margin + top margin + bottom border + top border + bottom padding + top padding + height.
bottom margin + top margin + bottom border + top border + bottom padding + top padding + height.
In this example, we style a
<div>
element to have a 400 px total width. Here is the math to count the total width of a box: 330px (width) + 30px (right + left padding) + 40px (right + left border) + 0px (right + left margin) = 400px.Css Cheat Sheet Pdf
CSS box model: useful tips
Css Cheat Sheet
- You can analyze the CSS box model in every website by using Chrome DevTools.
- By setting the box-sizing property to
border-box
value, you indicate that the padding and the border are a part of the total width.